Methodology note
Recruit 6,500 teachers: note
Models recruit 6,500 teachers in 2028-29. The estimate is illustrative and excludes wider package interactions.
Central fiscal result
+GBP 0.5bn - Net fiscal impact in 2028-29
Low case: +GBP 0.3bn. High case: +GBP 1.0bn. Positive numbers are fiscal costs or borrowing pressure. Negative numbers are Exchequer savings or receipts.
Scenario and baseline
- Models recruit 6,500 teachers by 2028-29.
- Baseline is current policy or published departmental plans.
- Central case uses published party or official anchors where available.
- Wider manifesto interactions are excluded unless stated.
Affected population
- Affected units are people, firms, households or providers depending on policy.
- Direct exposure follows the manifesto or government target group.
- Indirect exposure includes suppliers, workers, consumers and taxpayers.
- Weakest counts are widened in the low and high cases.
Gross impact
- Published anchor or scenario central is +GBP 0.5bn in 2028-29.
- Gross costs or receipts are adjusted for behaviour and delivery risk.
- Tax, benefit or procurement offsets are separated in the fiscal build-up.
- The range is deliberately wider where implementation detail is thin.
Fiscal build-up, central case
- Gross programme or delivery cost: +GBP 0.6bn
- Tax and receipt offsets: +GBP 0.0bn
- Administration and evaluation: +GBP 0.1bn
- Behavioural and pass-through effects: -GBP 0.2bn
Central net impact: +GBP 0.5bn in 2028-29.
Behaviour and pass-through
- Low case assumes stronger delivery or receipts than central.
- Central case applies moderate behavioural leakage and pass-through.
- High case allows weaker delivery, larger take-up or higher costs.
- Output effects follow incidence, capacity and investment channels.
- Distributional gains do not automatically imply GDP gains.
Phasing
- 2026-27: +GBP 0.1bn. Phased implementation and take-up.
- 2027-28: +GBP 0.3bn. Phased implementation and take-up.
- 2028-29: +GBP 0.5bn. Phased implementation and take-up.
- 2029-30: +GBP 0.5bn. Phased implementation and take-up.
Main source groups
- S1: Labour Party: source for scenario or evidence.
- S2: HM Treasury: source for scenario or evidence.
- S3: American Economic Review: source for scenario or evidence.
- S4: Quarterly Journal of Economics: source for scenario or evidence.