Methodology note
Create a right to switch off: calculation note
Scenario estimate showing gross costs, offsets and behavioural uncertainty; not an official costing.
Central fiscal result
+GBP 0.3bn - Net public-finance impact in 2027-28
Low case: +GBP 0.0bn. High case: +GBP 1.5bn. Positive numbers are fiscal costs or borrowing pressure. Negative numbers are Exchequer savings or receipts.
Scenario and baseline
- Protect workers from routine work contact outside contracted hours, with employer duty guidance.
- Baseline is current law and published official data unless stated.
- Private business costs are excluded unless they affect tax or procurement.
- Target year is 2027-28, with later years shown separately.
Affected population
- Unit is employees and employers.
- No official affected-count estimate is used.
- Public-sector exposure uses ONS workforce counts.
- Private business cost is not fiscal unless taxed.
Gross impact
- Central public-sector HR and training cost is GBP 0.15bn.
- Paid cover for essential contact adds GBP 0.20bn.
- No broad compensation payments are included.
- Tax receipts are assumed unchanged.
Fiscal build-up, central case
- Public HR and training: +GBP 0.15bn
- Paid cover for essential contact: +GBP 0.20bn
- Enforcement and tribunal cost: +GBP 0.05bn
- Offsetting productivity assumption: -GBP 0.10bn
Central net impact: +GBP 0.3bn in 2027-28.
Behaviour and pass-through
- Low case assumes guidance-led compliance.
- Central assumes some paid cover in public services.
- High case assumes broader disputes and cover.
- Employers may reduce off-hours contact or formalise on-call pay.
- No wellbeing saving is deducted.
Phasing
- 2026-27: +GBP 0.1bn. Guidance only.
- 2027-28: +GBP 0.3bn. First compliance year.
- 2028-29: +GBP 0.2bn. Policies settle.
- 2029-30: +GBP 0.2bn. Steady state.
Main source groups
- S1: S1 ERA analysis: rights reforms impose direct business costs.
- S2: S2 ONS: public-sector workforce sets direct fiscal exposure.
- S3: S3 Tribunal stats: enforcement capacity is already constrained.
- S4: S4 Autor/Kerr/Kugler: higher adjustment costs can affect productivity.
- S5: S5 OECD: working-time protections affect job quality and flexibility.